Everything about The Globular Amphora Culture totally explained
The
Globular Amphora Culture, German
Kugelamphoren, ca. 3400-2800 BC, is an
archaeological culture overlapping the central area occupied by the
Corded Ware culture. Somewhat to the south and west, it was bordered by the
Baden culture. To the northeast was the
Narva culture. It occupied much of the same area as the earlier
Funnelbeaker culture. The name was coined by
Gustaf Kossinna because of the characteristic pottery, globular-shaped pots with two to four handles.
Extent
It was located in the area defined by the
Elbe catchment on the west and that of the
Vistula on the east, extending southwards to the middle
Dniester and eastwards to reach the
Dnieper. West of the Elbe, some globular amphorae are found in megalithic graves. The GAC finds in the Steppe area are normally attributed to a rather late expansion between 2950-2350 cal. BC from a centre in Wolhynia and Podolia.
Economy
The economy was based on raising a variety of livestock, pigs particularly in its earlier phase, in distinction to the Funnelbeaker culture's preference for cattle. Settlements are sparse, and these normally just contain small clusters pits. No convincing house-plans have yet been excavated. It is suggested that some of these settlements were not year-round, or may have been temporary.
Burials
The GAC is primarily known from its burials.
Inhumation was in a pit or
cist. A variety of grave offerings were left, including animal parts (such as a pig's jaw) or even whole animals, for example, oxen. Grave gifts include the typical globular amphorae and stone axes. There are also cattle-burials, often in pairs, accompanied by grave gifts. There are also secondary burials in
Megalithic graves.
Interpretation
The inclusion of animals in the grave is seen as an intrusive cultural element by Gimbutas. The practice of
suttee, hypotised by Gimbutas is also seen as a highly intrusive cultural element. The supporters of
Marija Gimbutas and her
Kurgan hypothesis point to these distinctive burial practices and state this represents the second-wave migration of
Indo-Europeans.
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